Computer Crime :: essays research papers fc

PC Crime: Prevention and Innovation Since the acquaintance of PCs with our general public, and in the mid 80⠡â ¦s the Internet, the world has never been the equivalent. Out of nowhere our physical world got littler and the electronic world set its establishments for a perpetual electronic reality. As we approach the year 2000, the turn of the millenium, mankind has effectively entrenched itself into the  ¡Ã‚ §Information Age.⠡â ¨ So much in actuality that as a country we discover our selves out of an assistance economy and into a data based economy. In a matter of just a couple of years practically all frameworks are run purchase PCs here and there, shape, or structure. We rely upon them for everything. Indeed, even the littlest breakdown or glitch in a framework could now raise impossible measures of ruckus in everything from riding the transport, approaching your cash, to getting your remedy at the drug specialists. Besides, Icove proposed that with the cost of home PCs that work quicker and store more memo ry going during each time because of rivalry in the market, it is evaluated that constantly 2011 practically every American home will have a PC with moment access to the Internet. With an expansion in clients regular and new organizations exploiting advantages of an other electronic world, this data measurement will just get greater, increasingly intricate, offer more types of assistance, and we will discover society overall increasingly more reliant on it. In any case, even in a fake domain, for example, the internet, it shows up humankind can't escape from its to some degree overpowering characteristic fascination in unfair conduct or criminal propensities. Thusly this elective measurement has been tainted with a similar criminal conduct that torment our physical reality. The data age has made the ways for hostile to social, savvy, and crafty individuals to discover new and creative approaches to perpetrate old violations. These individuals are called programmers. What is the social Problem? PC wrongdoing is the official name given to this criminal wonder driven by programmers. Albeit a strong meaning of PC wrongdoing still can't seem to be settled upon by researchers, it is portrayed in an utilitarian way enveloping old violations, for example, phony, burglary, underhandedness, extortion, control or modifying of records; which are all typically dependent upon criminal authorizes all over the place. Likewise remembered for the depiction or PC wrongdoing is the unapproved intrusion or trespass of information base frameworks of privately owned businesses or government offices.

Free Essays on Gore Vidal Essay Response

â€Å"The American individuals are as given to sin and its discipline as they are to bringing in cash and battling drugs is close to as large a business as pushing them.† - Gore Vidal Would there be any wrongdoing if there was no wrongdoing to submit? That is by all accounts the question one would ask of Gore Vidal. In his paper Drugs, Vidal clarifies that the medication issue of the United States could be illuminated essentially by legitimizing the medications which are the base reason for our concern. Violence Vidal gives models which he accepts are the reasons why we should, and why we won't permit medications to be legitimized inside the United States. One would imagine that legitimization of medications in the United States would be extreme. Unexpectedly, Mr. Vidal accepts that such an exertion is basic. He expresses that sanctioned medications can be marked with an exact portrayal of the impacts that the client will understanding. As indicated by Mr. Vidal, by posting both the positive and negative impacts, there ought to be no curve balls coming up for the medication client. The primary issue with such a thought, notwithstanding, is that it has been realized that various medications will have shifted impacts relying upon the individual who takes them. In this way, the impacts that are marked on the medications would not generally be completely precise. A portion of these shifted and negative impacts, however, could be reduced by the way that sanctioning of medications would mean progressively unadulterated types of the opiates being referred to, with less hurtful added substances. Be that as it may, generally speaking, medicates as we probably am aware them are incredibly flimsy and have various impacts with each case. Vidal additionally expresses that, notwithstanding naming the outcomes utilization of a specific medication may have, it should likewise be clarified which results it won't ... Free Essays on Gore Vidal Essay Response Free Essays on Gore Vidal Essay Response â€Å"The American individuals are as committed to sin and its discipline as they are to bringing in cash and battling drugs is close to as large a business as pushing them.† - Gore Vidal Would there be any wrongdoing if there was no wrongdoing to submit? That is by all accounts the question one would ask of Gore Vidal. In his article Drugs, Vidal clarifies that the medication issue of the United States could be understood essentially by authorizing the medications which are the base reason for our concern. Carnage Vidal gives models which he accepts are the reasons why we should, and why we won't permit medications to be sanctioned inside the United States. One would feel that authorization of medications in the United States would be extreme. Despite what might be expected, Mr. Vidal accepts that such an exertion is basic. He expresses that authorized medications can be marked with an exact depiction of the impacts that the client will understanding. As indicated by Mr. Vidal, by posting both the positive and negative impacts, there ought to be no curve balls available for the medication client. The primary issue with such a thought, in any case, is that it has been realized that various medications will have differed impacts relying upon the individual who takes them. Along these lines, the impacts that are named on the medications would not generally be altogether precise. A portion of these differed and negative impacts, however, could be diminished by the way that legitimization of medications would mean progressively unadulterated types of the opiates being referred to, with less destructive added substances. Yet, in general, medi cates as we probably am aware them are incredibly flimsy and have various impacts with each case. Vidal additionally expresses that, notwithstanding naming the outcomes utilization of a specific medication may have, it should likewise be clarified which results it won't ...

History of Translation Short Free Essays

HISTORY OF TRANSL. : †¢ St. Jerome-book of scriptures into latin †¢ 14/15 century: Chrystus z martwych wstal joke Psalterz florianski/krol. We will compose a custom article test on History of Translation Short or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Jadwigi-in 3 lang. Zoltarz dawidow-W. Wrobel, ungainly, latin sentence structure Only strict txts †¢ 16 penny. : first mainstream lit. Advancement of pl lang New confirmation by St. Murzynowski first full tr. of book of scriptures by Jan Wojek[you can obtain a few things from past tr. in the event that are good] Leonard z Bonczy†historyja Aleksandra Wlk. .. Biernat z lbn „Raj duszny†, Ezop’s tales Jan z Koszczek „Rozmowy kt mial krol Salomon.. † †¢ 17 penny. Lukasz Gornicki „Dworzanin polski† Sep Sarzynski-summarizing tunes Jan Kochanowski „Psalterz Dawidow† Andrzej Kochanowski-Wirgiliusz, Eneida †¢ Baroque: nothing significant †¢ Enlightened: Developng of tr. Free tr. Polonisations Intermediere tr. Beginnning of tr. tech. Interpreter as a standard developer Bohomolec-tr. request more work than unique St. Kostka Potocki-prawdziwa sztuka to przekladanie, nie tr. Fr. Ks. Dmochowski-Homer, Milton W. Boguslawski â€Å"Hamlet† Adam Mickiewicz â€Å"Giaur† G. Byron Leon Borowski-rules of faithfull tr. J. Slowacki-â€Å"Ksiaze niezlomny† v. ambiguous, a long way from orig. †¢ 19 penny. J. Paszkowski, St. Kozmian, L. Urlich-Shakespeare C. K. Norwid „Dante Comedies†-v. quite a bit of his style †¢ Positivism-Victorian lit. †¢ Fin de siecle Openess for tr. Zenon Przesmycki â€Poe’s verse Leopold Staff-flexible tr. Boleslaw Lesmian-Poe’s stories T. Kid Zelenski-Balzac, Proust †¢ 20 penny. Julian Tuwim-russian verse Czeslaw Milosz-â€Å"The midsection land† T. S. Elliot †¢ after war period distributing with cuts control creators tr works bec they couldn’t distribute their own lit. M. Dabrowska] †¢ ‘50 tr. th: O. Lukasiewicz, R. Ingarden, Z. Klemensiewicz; †¢ ‘70 enchantment authenticity polemics, criticizm M. Slomczynski†Alice†¦ †, Shakespeare †¢ after 1989 patterns in tr. St. Baranczak ENGLAND: King Alfred Aelfric G. Chaucer-fr. Works William Caxton-fr. txt William Tyndale- Bible, wide range of styles, explicit structure and rythm FRANCE: Charles V-infavour of tr. Jacque Amyat-the sovereign of tr. , rewival of tr. , making txt wonderful; Nicolas d’Abencourt-beauty infidele Pierre le Tournier-Biblie The most effective method to refer to History of Translation Short, Essay models

Gender Equality Research Paper - 2200 Words

Gender Equality (Research Paper Sample) Content: Students NameProfessors NameCourse CodeDate of SubmissionOutline: Gender InequalityArgumentative thesis: Gender inequality is a rampant issue across the world and efforts to solve the issue are evident in all spheres of life, since it has led to suppression and discrimination of women across societies. OverviewIn this case, the paper will focus on different primary sources such as journal articles and books in order to enhance an informative analysis of gender inequality. For this reason, the discussion will be built on what exactly necessitates gender inequality and how the involved parties have tried to respond to the issue.However, the problem appears, since feminists have achieved a lot and have shown efforts to enhance gender equality. However, the evidence will be provided from recent researches that have been done concerning the topic in order to indicate that gender equality has not been reached yet (Glick and Fiske 75). This paper will seek to establish tha t no matter how hard women have been determined to fight for gender equality, they have experienced many challenges, such as persecutions from some of their female colleagues and suppressions from men in determining leadership positions. Mens perception of womenIt can be established that men generally perceive women as highly inferior in nature (Stombler and Padavic 258).According to men, women should always obey and respond to satisfy their sexual desires (Jeffreys 42).Women have traditionally been perceived as tools that should act on the demands of men (Stombler 299). Established efforts to curb gender inequalityThough women have done everything in their power to water down male dominance, it has become difficult for them to succeed in this course (Kitchen et al. 1827).Women have formed associations in order to fight for their rights and be perceived as human beings, who are as capable as men.The fact that women have started gaining high positions in leadership and workplaces is a proof (Bjarnegà ¥rd 12).Challenges encountered in pursuance of gender equalityWomen have encountered many challenges in their fight for equality in various sectors across the world.Stereotyping is as a major challenge to gender equality (Stombler and Martin 158).Some women have acted as betrayers of the initiatives to enhance gender equality (Blau).Gender Inequality Gender equality is described as the perception that both men and women should get the same treatment devoid of discrimination based on sex. Gender equality is also referred to as gender egalitarianism, sex equality, equality of the genders, and sexual equality. To enforce this balance, the United Nations established a cause known as the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" that seeks to create equality in social settings, democratic movements and at work. In addition, this organization is seeking to enshrine this notion in the laws of the world. To avoid imminent problems, this law will exclude other genders (apar t from male and female) that are not explicitly defined. The topic of right involves two sides: mens rights as well as womens rights. As a result, this paper will look at the history of gender equality, offer arguments from the perspective of both male and female sexes, and, finally, come up with recommendations on how best to deal with the recurring tensions between the two genders. As it is noted, the world needs a mixture of the two to sustain continued development. HistoryGender equality is a subject that has lingered for decades now. Many women have stood up to lament the oppression that they face in their households, public places, and even in religious settings. One of the earliest advocates of this movement was Christine de Pizan, who highlighted the plight of the oppressed women in her book, The Book of the City of Ladies, published in 1405. According to her account, she notes that oppression of women is a result of irrational prejudice underlining several developments in t he society mostly crafted by women. There have been several female groups formed to fight this struggle. Some of them are listed below.The ShakersThe Shakers were a zealous group that practiced seclusion of genders and stringent celibacy (Rowbotham 104). They were the initial practitioners of equality. They separated from a Quaker community in Englands northwest before arriving to America in 1774 (Rowbotham 104). In their first years in America, Joseph Meacham, the groups key minister, made a disclosure that the genders should be treated similarly (Rowbotham 104). As a result, he took in a woman minister as his equal. Her name was Lucy Wright. Jointly, they reassembled the movement to make sexes equal (Rowbotham 104). The two introduced guidance groups where elders and eldresses were partnered together to act as the chaperons in the transcendent health of the congregation for both males and females. In addition, each deacon was paired with a deaconess (Rowbotham 104). The group was more than a sweeping religious cult on the peripheries of the American society, as it practically put equality of both genders into practice. It showed that it was possible to integrate both sexes together and achieve great success (Rowbotham 104). The Suffrage MovementThis was another important group that fought for the privileges of women to vote and be elected to important seats in the National elections throughout the United States in the 19th century (Rowbotham 103). During this era, the rights of women to assets also experienced a far-reaching change, principally in relation to their marital standing. All this happened before the World War II. After the war, a more sophisticated movement for gender parity was established based on the rights of women and feminism (Rowbotham 103). The core agenda was that of the rights of women in regards to men. The crusade backed the identical treatment of both sexes. Since then a lot of international and domestic groups, organizations as well as individuals have stood up for the equal treatment of women in the society. Consequently, this has led to the mass production of literary materials that passed the same message. In the past centuries, books were the major forms of mass communication used to protest, give ideologies, or inform the public. Hence, they became an integral part of the feminist movement. In this paper, some of the arguments brought forward by various authors about gender equality will be highlighted.First, the work of Armstrong, Hamilton, and Sweeney, who majorly tackled the issue of sexual harassment in the higher institutions of learning, will be addressed. In their book Sexual Assault on Campus: A Multilevel, Integrative Approach to Party Rape, the three researchers used a 1997 National Institute of Justice research to come up with the conclusion that: Between one-fifth and one-quarter of women are the victims of complete or attempted rape while in college. College women are at a greater risk fo r rape and other forms of sexual assault than women in the general population or a comparable age group. (Armstrong, Hamilton, and Sweeney 1)The majority of this cases that occur in colleges and other higher learning institutions are influenced by the excessive uptake of alcoholic beverages and other drugs by the perpetrator, the victim, or both (Armstrong, Hamilton, and Sweeney 1). The above observations are an excellent indication of the sexual exploitation suffered by women in these institutions. These authors wonder why it is so hard for women to feel safe in the places that should be shielding them from these heinous acts despite massive efforts to prevent them.In their further research, they conclude that continued sexual assault can be attributed to the replication of gender inequality in the modern society. On a personal note, I think that it is not fair for any person from either gender to be coerced, tricked or forced into sexual activity. It is solely up to the individual to decide when, where, and how to indulge in this activity. As a result, such inequality is highlighted by various groups fighting harassment and assault directed towards women. Therefore, the acts of rape and other sexual assault instances are clear indications of the perception of superiority among the male gender. They feel domineering and controlling towards women and use the force to attain sexual favors (Kitchen et al. 1834). To conclude this argument, the authors assert that:We demonstrate that sexual assault is a predictable outcome of a synergistic intersection of both gendered and seemingly gender neutral processes operating at individual, organizational, and interactional levels. The concentration of homogenous students with expectations of partying fosters the development of sexualized peer cultures organized around status. Residential arrangements intensify students desires to party in male-dominated fraternities (Kitchen et al. 1834). Another instance of gender inequa lity is observed in the Fraternity Little Sisters organizations (Stombler). These organizations offer insights into how women are treated with respect to leadership seat allocations and sexual harassment by being commodified and objectified (Stombler and Martin). This movement of undergraduate women is connected to the mens social fraternity. According to Stombler, the women to join these social movements are selected by men based on sociability and beauty after the process designed after the fraternity mens rush. The rushees attend merrymaking events or meetings for some days, and, if chosen, they go through an inductee period and are afterwards introduced as quasi-members of the fraternity (Stombler and Martin). Those women who join the movement say that the...

Analysis Of Bittorrent, A Nightmare For Copyright...

BitTorrent, a nightmare for copyright enforcement agencies Using BitTorrent has become a popular and effective way of downloading files over the internet. BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing (P2P) internet protocol that allows files to be distributed via an internet connection. The use of BitTorrent itself is a perfectly legal and legitimate process of downloading certain files. For example, if someone wanted to obtain a large free to use file like a Linux distribution, BitTorrent provides a fast and effective means to download the file legally. Another legal use of BitTorrent would be companies like Blizzard who use custom BitTorrent clients to distribute and update their games to avoid overloading their servers. The main†¦show more content†¦A swarm is a group of computers that all have the desired torrent file available for downloading. Computers enter the swarm by accessing a torrent file (file extension is generally .torrent) via a torrent client such as Bit Torrent, uTorrent, Vuze, Transmission, or many others. Trackers are located inside torrent files that keep track of connected computers. The tracker communicates with the other computers in the swarm and shares their corresponding IP addresses with everyone in the swarm so the computers can connect to one another. The tracker does not handle any of the data being transmitted, it merely provides a medium for the computers to keep track of which computers are in the swarm. In other words, when an individual wants to download a file, first they download a torrent file and access it via a client that contains a tracker allowing them to download the file from not one but many people at one time. The actual file being transferred is not transferred as one large file, but is broken down into many â€Å"pieces† when it is downloaded. After a computer has downloaded a piece of the file, they are then able to upload that piece to others in the swarm. Thus, computers in the swarm are downloading and uploading to and from each other simultaneously. Once the computer has all the pieces of the file, the client then assembles the pieces so the file is operable. BitTorrent clients can also utilize

The World s Image Of God - 917 Words

So God created humankind in his image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them. God blessed them, and God said to them, â€Å"Be fruitful and multiply†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Together men and women were meant to bring life, and subdue the earth, ordering their environment. From the beginning God asked mankind to make a good home from what he provided and mandated that man and woman do so together. Man was meant to be a keeper, while the woman was to be a helper. When the woman enriches life on earth with the help she offers man, and man works to subdue earth in order to provide a living space supportive of the life of woman and child, earth becomes a home. Rather than a wild, untamed environment, creation becomes a place centered around human beings, with man and woman at its apex. Without the woman, the environment becomes wild and untamed, without her it’s just man and the animals. â€Å"Then the Lord God said, â€Å"It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a helper as his partner.† In a very raw sense the woman does foster the preservation of life, but she was meant for more. She was meant to bring a fruitful and enriching aspect to life. Preservation suggests that there is a negative force encroaching on life, it’s being lived to the fullest. However, God gave man women in a time of peace before the first death had occurred. In an optimum environment where life is fostered, woman is enabled to not only foster its preservation, but the enrichment ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The Really Real?1695 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing, God. God is comprised of three entities they are not separate but equally involved and important: God- the ultimate being who sent his only son save the world of its sin, Jesus- God in flesh, who was born of a virgin and had human experiences such as temptation, emotions and physiological needs such as hunger and thirst and was sent by God to be the world s Savior, and lastly the Holy Spirit- who was sent to be a comforter of God s people after Jesus ascended into Heaven. God is infiniteRead MoreThe Holy And Resurrection Of Jesus Christ995 Words   |  4 Pagescenter, evokes rich images of all creation centered in worship around the Lamb from whom all life flows. These images of Revelation 21 22 give purpose to the Church who, like a bride, awaits her groom. The eschatological reality of the coming Kingdom of God, inaugurated in the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, presently breaks forth to forms the Church for its mission. As Aleksandr Schmemann writes, â€Å"the Church itself is a leitourgia, a ministry, a calling to act in this world after the fashionRead MoreChristian Worldview And The Secular Worldview Of Account1245 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand the world. All people grow up viewing the world differently because to the different things they experience in their lives. A worldview defines the basis of how an individual interprets reality. A person s worldview would help establish one s principles by how they judge right from wrong, a nd it s their guide for everyday living. A person s worldview shapes the way individuals interact with the world. Worldview plays a significant role when it comes to establishing one s moral opinionsRead MoreSimilarities Between Aslan And God835 Words   |  4 Pagesanalogy to tell about God`s interactions with his creation and how great and loving God is. This analogy represents different things in the Bible many times, from Aslan taking Edmund`s place at the Stone Table to making a new world, with a recognizable England and Narnia but better, in The Last Battle. Aslan is God in Narnia, or is he? I believe Aslan represents God, because they share some similarities, but they do have some differences. In this essay, I compared God and Aslan as seen in theRead MoreWriting Style Used : Mla912 Words   |  4 Pagesevil in the world God created. This doctrine is more than an explanation for the problem of evil, but it affects our relationship with our all-powerful, all-loving God. The problem of evil, indeed, is an issue that objects to the belief of God s existence. Being the label for a series of problems involving God and evil, evil is seen in many different situations and getting worse nowadays (Elwell 413). Evils, such as crimes, disasters, and diseases, still happen in our fallen world. Atheists andRead MoreThe Prayer Of The Lord s Supper819 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"And it is by God s will that we have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.†1 The Church is sanctified, set apart in the power of the Holy Spirit, to participate in the Kingdom building work of God. The practice of the Lord s Supper, that remembers and celebrates this reality, is the foundation of Christian worship that forms this identity of the Church. As Gordon Lathrop writes: But here is a beginning: Assembly, a gathering together of participating personsRead MoreThe Transforming Vision By Brian Walsh And Richard Middleton1501 Words   |  7 Pagestype of world views affects us and if there is any worldview better than another. Chapter 1, World View and Culture, begins with Anthony’s story and how his decision had different responses. After Anthony became a Christian and grew as a person, he made the decision of leaving his girlfriend when he realized he did not love her. According to his family, loyalty is one of the greatest of moral duties, therefore, viewed Anthony’s decision as an â€Å"unpardonable sin.† However, in a Christian s perspectiveRead MoreCompare and Contrast Wordsworth ¬Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¬ÃƒËœS Poem  ¬Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€ Composed Upon Westminster Bridge ¬Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¬ÃƒËœ with  ¬Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€ God ¬Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¬ÃƒËœS Grandeur ¬Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¬ÃƒËœ973 Words   |  4 Pages ¡Ã‚ ®Composed Upon Westminster Bridge ¡Ã‚ ¯ and  ¡Ã‚ ®God ¡Ã‚ ¯s Grandeur ¡Ã‚ ¯ are both traditional poems written in the romantic era which looks upon changes that need to happen and looks away from those to the places which haven ¡Ã‚ ¯t been affected by the misery of the world.  ¡Ã‚ ®Composed Upon Westmins ter Bridge ¡Ã‚ ¯ is a typical romantic sonnet expressing Wordsworth ¡Ã‚ ¯s love for the beauty and amazement of London. 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Exchange Rate Policy at the Monetary Authority of Singapore free essay sample

Introduction The report and presentation we are about to criticize is extremely well done. We would like to say that we agree in almost every part since it was done in a very theoretical manner. Somewhat hard to criticize because it is book proof university knowledge. However, we will focus our critics on bringing actually the case nearer to the audience, since we believe it is far easier to keep in mind facts and figures rather than just theoretical background. The presentation was far away from the actual case, concerning Singapore. We missed specific data and facts about how it was highly interesting that, that small country created and managed its own monetary and exchange rate solution, and did a great job with it. We will be focusing on the special effects and consequences Singapore’s monetary policy brings with it, while using the original groups report as a baseline. We will somehow try to make it more approachable, by adding examples. We will write a custom essay sample on Exchange Rate Policy at the Monetary Authority of Singapore or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1. Why and how are capital and current account tied together so closely? This  was answered clearly by the group. We already learned in class how these two aspects balance (or not). Still be would like to add how special the situation of Singapore was, because when we open our finance book, we will not find the case of Singapor. They had a positive CA and FA (financial account). This was possible mainly due to the high savings rate of people and the good economic development. (see graphic in presentation). Owing to its small size and lack of natural resources Singaporean authorities made its economic strategy target in exports and make the country a financial hub. Singapore has the 2nd busiest port in the world Half of the world’s yearly supply of crude oil is refined in Singapore. A fifth of the World’s containers passes through Singapore port. Another rathercuriousg aspect is really how much reserves Singapore has compared to others. Despite its size, it is listed right after India, what is really motivating. 2. What is a real exchange rate? Again a definition and an equation were already given by the group. We would like to add an example, to make sure people understand the equation and the background. If we have an inflation of 2% in our home currency, and our home currency appreciates towards the extra currency; then the real exchange rate wouldn’t change at all. Another very plastically approach is using the way of the apple given by the group. With the real exchange rate, we compare apples and not the money used. We want to know how many apples equal how many apples in different countries. Here the Big Mac Index could be a helpful tool. 3. What do you think determines exchange rates in the long run? All details were listed accurately. We would just like to add. That after all monetary and fiscal policy things, the most important aspect is a well functioning and high in demand economy. This point brings together every small points listed, because without a good and competitive industry, there is no use of any policy. In our view, here the group has lost track a little bit of the big picture. Secondly we would again like to refer to the explicit case of Singapore and its crawling-band. The group didn’t mention (or not very  clearly referring to Singapore) that in the long run, the credibility of the MAS is also influencing the exchange rate. Because if the MAS has a high credibility and the rate rises up to the outer band, investors will stop putting money in this currency because they know MAS will intervene. So it regulates itself, what is quite fascinating. 4. How do exchange rates interact with trade balances and fiscal policies? Here the group invented a very detailed theoretical case, to demonstrate how the three components play together. They mentioned quite a range of factors and they lost themselves and/or the audience a bit in the details. It remains very speculative again, and doesn’t mention about the very interesting procedure of the Singapore government or MAS. We want to shortly describe how they actually dealt with it and stay focused on the main aspects. The daily task of the MAS reminds us of a planned economy. Every morning they get information about planned transactions and trades that will happen today, so they can plan and calculate how much money will be needed, so that there are no huge short term currency fluctuations. This includes payments such as government transfers and issuance of government securities and all sort of money flow that we can imagine. In 1997, the Asian area got attacked by speculators, because a rising fear that Thailand couldn’t pay back debts. Singapore managed to defend itself against the attacks but still was deeply impacted. MAS economists realized that the real exchange rates would have to fall in that region and that there are only two ways this could happen: Either the nominal exchange rate has to fall, or the price niveau had to adjust. However, the credibility of MAS was crucial for the success and stability of Singapore. So Singapore then actually widened the crawl band and reduced government spending. for the long run this means that the current will fallïÆ'  exports will increase (income will increase (more money supply (increasing prices! 5. What are the advantages and disadvantages are of fixed vs. Floating exchange rate? We find that this point has been worked out very well and quite understandable. However, we would like to draw attention again to the case, and apply this given theoretical background to see the advantages for Singapore in his choice of exchange rate system. A very important point is  the size and power of a country. Looking at our picture below it gets quite obvious why Singapore chooses not a complete â€Å"liberated† floating exchange rate like America, simply because it is very small and more sensitive to shocks and not so powerful. Also there is not this huge diversification possible. Natural catastrophes would completely destroy Singapore, whereas America would take damage, but would still function in its core probably. 6. How are changes in actual exchange rates manifested under fixed and floating exchange rate regimes? Once again nice work done. Hence it stays very hypothetical, we created a graphic just to underline all things mentioned by the group. Its supposed to be a trade off between costs and risk. To put it into very easy words so that people can understand better: fixed rate: its costly but less sensitive and not so risky for the country. Floating rate: â€Å"no† costs, but exposed to risk and deflation/ inflation what can also be referred to as costs. Conclusion We agree with the groups conclusion. We must appreciate theyre well done and precise thought thru presentation. We tried to add what we considered can make the topic more interesting and memorable, because Singapore is a very interesting case where we can learn from a lot.